It is stimulated by cold temperatures to generate heat. Brown fat– Infants carry the most brown fat, which keeps them warm.Types of Body Fatįat tissue comes in white, brown, beige, and even pink. Learning about the actions and different types of body fat may increase understanding of this condition.
Obesity, defined as an excessive amount of body fat, is a common and expensive medical condition in the U.S., strongly associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer, as well as premature deaths from these diseases.
Weight loss can reduce the size of fat cells but not the number. These larger fat cells become resistant to insulin, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. But eating too many calories in the long-term can cause fat cells to increase in size and be stored in various areas throughout the body, which leads to a risk of chronic inflammation and glitches in healthy metabolism, with the potential for new fat cells to grow. The amount of fat cells in our bodies is determined soon after birth and during adolescence, and tends to be stable throughout adulthood if weight remains fairly stable. Fat cells also secrete proteins and build enzymes involved with immune function and the creation of steroid hormones.įat cells can grow in size and number. Macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils are some of the immune cells found in fat tissue that play a role in inflammation-both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory. Fat tissue releases hormones that control metabolism and appetite (i.e., leptin, adiponectin) and that affect insulin sensitivity (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6). Within the matrix of body fat, also called adipose tissue, there is not only fat cells but nerve and immune cells and connective tissue. But fat is an important source of stored energy when we can’t get to food for an extended time. We may not appreciate body fat, especially when it accumulates in specific areas like our bellies or thighs.
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